谁必须发布透明度报告
对要求平台发布透明度报告的法规的全球综述——各法规的要求内容、约束对象、频率，以及是否真正生效。不包括企业自愿发布的报告。
3
调查地区
17
生效的报告义务
8
被禁止、取代或废弃
10
已收录于本数据集 ◆
状态
生效中
部分被禁止执行
被禁止执行／未执行
已被取代
提案／已废弃
欧洲
DSA 现已成为覆盖全欧盟的法律工具，并优先于较早的各国法律。
| 法律 | 适用对象 | 报告内容 | 频率 | 起始 | 状态 | 已收录 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European UnionDigital Services Act — platforms Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 15 & 24 |
All intermediary & online-platform providers (micro/small exempt) | Orders, notice-and-action volumes, own-initiative moderation, complaints, automated-tool accuracy; platforms add appeals, suspensions & EU active-user counts (AMAR) | 每年 AMAR ≥ 每半年 |
Feb 2024 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| European UnionDigital Services Act — VLOPs / VLOSEs Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 42 (+ 34/35/37) |
≥ 45M avg. monthly EU users — ~25 Commission-designated services | The Art. 15/24 data over 6 months, plus moderator headcount by language and per-language automation accuracy; annual risk-assessment, mitigation & independent-audit reports | 每半年 审计每年 |
2023 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| European UnionDSA statement-of-reasons database Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 17 & 24(5) |
All online-platform providers (micro/small exempt) | Every individual content-moderation decision, submitted to the Commission's public database (billions of records) | 持续 | Sep 2023 | 生效中 | 相关 |
| European UnionTerrorist Content Online Regulation Reg. (EU) 2021/784, Art. 7 & 8 |
Hosting providers that received a removal order that year; + Member-State authorities | Measures against terrorist content, removal orders processed, complaints & reinstatements (terrorism scope only) | 每年 | 2022 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| European UnionAI Act — GPAI training-content summary Reg. (EU) 2024/1689, Art. 53(1)(d) |
Providers of general-purpose AI models placed on the EU market | Public summary of the content used to train the model — banded training-data size per modality, data-acquisition cut-off, and data-source categories (on the AI Office template) | 每个模型 持续更新 |
Aug 2025 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| AustriaCommunication Platforms Act (KoPl-G) KoPl-G § 4 (in force Jan 2021) |
Communication platforms above user/turnover thresholds | Handling of complaints about allegedly-illegal textual content (comments) — items reported and removed, procedures, response times | 每半年 | 2021 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| United States — TexasHB 20 Business & Commerce Code §120.053 |
Large social-media platforms (> 50M US monthly users) | Acceptable-use policies + content-moderation statistics — content removed / demonetized, appeals & reinstatements, flags and removals by source, reason and country | 每半年 | 2024 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| United KingdomOnline Safety Act 2023 OSA 2023, ss. 77–78 |
Ofcom-categorised services only (Cat 1 / 2A / 2B) | Content specified in each Ofcom notice — illegal/harmful-content incidence, moderation & recommender systems, user reporting | 每年 由通知触发 |
2025–26 | 生效中 | — |
| TürkiyeSocial Media Law Law No. 7253 (2020), amending Law 5651 |
Social networks with > 1M daily access from Türkiye | Enforcement of removal / access-blocking orders and user takedown requests, by category | 每半年 | 2020 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| IrelandOnline Safety & Media Regulation Act Act No. 41 of 2022; Online Safety Code (2024) Cadence set by Coimisiún na Meán per code, not fixed in statute. |
Designated services — chiefly Ireland-established video-sharing platforms | Compliance with the Online Safety Code — moderation, age assurance, complaint handling | 监管机构设定 | 2025 | 生效中 | — |
| FranceLoi SREN Loi n° 2024-449 (21 May 2024) Thin beyond the DSA; loi Avia (2020) was struck down before taking effect. |
Large platforms operating in France | Algorithm & moderation transparency adjacent to the DSA; serious-content reporting to ARCOM | 不适用 | 2024 | 生效中 | — |
| GermanyNetzDG (Network Enforcement Act) NetzDG 2017, § 2 Repealed by the DDG (14 May 2024); the DSA occupies the field. |
Social networks > 2M German users & > 100 complaints/yr | Handling of unlawful-content complaints — volumes, deletion rates, response times, staffing | 每半年 | 2018–24 | 已被取代 | — |
| AustriaCommunication Platforms Act (KoPl-G) BGBl. I Nr. 151/2020 Overtaken by the DSA; obligation wound down. |
> 100k AT users or > €500k AT turnover | Handling of illegal-content reports — volumes, deletion rates, procedures | 每年 | 2021–24 | 已被取代 | — |
美洲
美国没有联邦层面的强制要求；具约束力的是各州的服务条款法律——其中大多数正因第一修正案而涉讼。
| 法律 | 适用对象 | 报告内容 | 频率 | 起始 | 状态 | 已收录 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California, USAAB 587 — Social Media Transparency Act Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 22675–22681 Content-category provisions permanently enjoined (X Corp. v. Bonta, 2025); ToS reports still filed. |
Social-media firms with > $100M gross annual revenue | ToS + moderation policies, and statistics on content actioned across defined categories (hate, extremism, disinformation, harassment, foreign interference) | 每半年 | Jan 2024 | 部分被禁止执行 | 已收录 |
| New York, USAStop Hiding Hate Act N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Art. 46 (S895-B) Sued by X Corp. on the AB 587 theory; not yet enjoined. |
Social-media firms with > $100M revenue operating in NY | Whether and how the platform defines & moderates hate speech, disinformation, extremism, harassment and foreign interference | 每半年 | Oct 2025 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| BrazilECA Digital (child & adolescent statute) Lei nº 15.211/2025, Art. 15 |
Services with > 1M child/adolescent users in Brazil (extraterritorial) | 收到的投诉, moderation measures taken, and age-assurance practices — in Portuguese | 每半年 | Mar 2026 | 生效中 | — |
| BrazilPlatform-liability ruling (Marco 民事) STF, 26 Jun 2025; Lei 12.965/2014, Art. 19 In force by judicial decision; Congress has not yet codified scope. |
Application/platform providers in Brazil (thresholds TBD by Congress) | Annual transparency & systemic-risk reports, self-regulation rules, complaint channels, local representative | 每年 | 2025 | 生效中 | — |
| Minnesota, USAProhibiting Social Media Manipulation Act Minn. Stat. § 325M.33 Challenged in NetChoice v. Ellison (2025); enforcement uncertain. |
Social-media platforms above a Minnesota-user threshold | Public disclosure of how recommendation algorithms rank content and how preferences shape feeds (algorithmic transparency) | 持续进行 | Jul 2025 | 受质疑 | — |
| Texas, USAHB 20 Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 120 Vacated & remanded — Moody v. NetChoice (SCOTUS, 2024); back in district court. |
Platforms with > 50M US monthly users | Biannual report of content removed/demonetized by category, plus complaint & appeal data | 每半年 | 2021 | 受质疑 | — |
| Florida, USASB 7072 Fla. Stat. §§ 106.072, 501.2041 Preliminary injunction in place; not enforced. |
> $100M revenue or > 100M global users | Public moderation standards + per-user notice/explanation of moderation actions | 持续进行 | 2021 | 被禁止执行 | — |
| California, USAAge-Appropriate Design Code (AADC) AB 2273; Civ. Code §§ 1798.99.28+ Reporting-adjacent (DPIA, not public); report provision enjoined. |
Services likely to be accessed by children | Data-protection impact assessments provided to the AG on request — not a public transparency report | 每项功能 | 2024 | 被禁止执行 | — |
| CanadaOnline Harms Act Bill C-63 (2024); rev. as C-34 (2026) C-63 died at prorogation (Jan 2025); successor is a proposal. |
"Social media services" above a threshold (proposed) | Digital-safety plans & transparency reports to a proposed Digital Safety Commission | 待定 | — | 已废弃／提案 | — |
| BrazilPL 2630 ("Fake News" bill) PL 2630/2020 Shelved end-2024; goals partly assumed by the 2025 STF ruling. |
Large platforms (proposed) | Algorithmic transparency & periodic transparency reports (never enacted) | — | — | 已放弃 | — |
亚太地区
拥有最新颖义务的地区——印度的每月报告频率是全球最严格的。
| 法律 | 适用对象 | 报告内容 | 频率 | 起始 | 状态 | 已收录 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IndiaIT Rules 2021 — monthly compliance IT Rules 2021, Rule 4(1)(d) |
Significant social-media intermediaries — > 5M Indian users | 收到的投诉 & action taken, plus content proactively removed by automated tools | 每月 | 2021 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| South KoreaTelecom / communications-secrets reporting Telecommunications Business Act, Art. 83(7); PCSA Mandatory filing is to the ministry; Naver/Kakao public reports are voluntary. |
Telecom & platform operators (Naver, Kakao) | Government requests for subscriber data, communications-confirmation data, interception measures & warrants supplied | 每半年 | 2012 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| TaiwanFraud Crime Hazard Prevention Act Anti-Fraud Act, Art. 30 (MODA format, 2024) |
MODA-designated ad platforms — Google, LINE, Meta, TikTok | Advertiser identity-verification, fraud-prevention plan, ad-removal statistics by type, processing times, MAU | 每年 | 2025 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| JapanInformation Distribution Platform Act Amended Provider Liability Act, Art. 20(1) |
MIC-designated large providers — > 10M MAU or > 2M posts/mo (Google, LY, Meta, TikTok, X) | Content-moderation operations — response to takedown requests, notices to requesters & senders, moderation standards | 每年 | Apr 2025 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| SingaporeCode of Practice for Online Safety Broadcasting Act; IMDA Code (2023) |
Six designated services — Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, X, YouTube, HardwareZone | Annual online-safety report — measures against harmful content (esp. to minors), safety tooling & effectiveness | 每年 | 2023 | 生效中 | 已收录 |
| AustraliaOnline Safety Act 2021 (BOSE) OSA 2021, ss. 49 & 56 Notice-triggered by eSafety, not a blanket periodic duty. |
Providers served with an eSafety Commissioner notice | Compliance with the Basic Online Safety Expectations — CSAM, terrorism, cyber-abuse, recommender systems | 收到通知时 | 2022 | 生效中 | — |
| VietnamDecree 147/2024/ND-CP Decree 147/2024/ND-CP Filed to the regulator (ABEI) — not a public transparency report. |
Onshore & cross-border providers; offshore if ≥ 100k visits/mo from Vietnam | Compliance activities incl. takedown handling (24-hr removal on notice) | 每年 + 临时 |
Dec 2024 | 生效中 | — |
| AustraliaMisinformation & Disinformation Bill Combatting MAD Bill 2024 Withdrawn by the government, Nov 2024; the DIGI code remains voluntary. |
Digital platforms (proposed) | ACMA-mandated misinformation transparency reporting (never enacted) | — | — | 已撤回 | — |
注释与说明
报告义务与删除义务
许多法律规定了注册、本地代表和下架义务，但没有长期的透明度报告义务，因此在上表中被排除：印度尼西亚的 MR5/2020、巴基斯坦的 PECA Rules 2021、尼泊尔的 2023 年社交媒体指令，以及新加坡的 POFMA 和 OCHA。美国联邦政府未作任何强制要求；§2258A NCMEC/CSAM 报告属于事件上报，而非公开报告。
DSA 吸收了各国法律
欧盟《数字服务法》如今优先适用于其重叠的领域，逐步终止 NetzDG 式的各国制度——德国的 NetzDG、奥地利的 KoPl-G，以及在 loi Avia 被否决后法国的大部分设想。为保存历史记录，它们被标注为已被取代。
美国各州法律处于变动之中
美国每一项州级强制要求都在以第一修正案／强制言论为由涉讼。Moody v. NetChoice（美国最高法院，2024 年）撤销了得克萨斯州和佛罗里达州的裁决；加利福尼亚州的 AB 587 失去了其内容分类条款；纽约州的法律面临同样的挑战。此处状态反映的是 2026 年年中的情况——预计仍会变动。
「已提交」不等于「已公开」
有些义务要求向监管机构而非公众提交报告——越南（ABEI）、韩国向主管部门的法定提交、澳大利亚向 eSafety 的通知（该机构随后发布摘要）。当某公司的公开报告为自愿、尽管其提交是被强制的，此细微差别会在相应行中注明。
编制于 2026 年 7 月。状态与引用反映的是截至该日期的现行来源，并将随诉讼和实施的推进而变化；在依赖任何单一数据前，请核对相关法规原文。主要来源包括 EUR-Lex、legislation.gov.uk、加利福尼亚州和纽约州总检察长、MeitY、台湾的 MODA、日本的 MIC、新加坡的 IMDA 以及巴西的 STF。
◆ 已收录的制度已在 Transparency Report API 中归档并可供查询——欧盟 DSA、印度 IT Rules、韩国、台湾反诈骗法、纽约 Stop Hiding Hate Act 以及加利福尼亚 AB 587。