Quién debe publicar un informe de transparencia
Un análisis global de las normas que obligan a las plataformas a publicar informes de transparencia: qué exige cada una, a quién vincula, con qué frecuencia y si está realmente en vigor. No se incluyen los informes corporativos voluntarios.
Europa
El DSA es ahora el instrumento de toda la UE y desplaza a las antiguas leyes nacionales.
| Ley | Se aplica a | Qué se informa | Frecuencia | Desde | Estado | Rastreado |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European UnionDigital Services Act — platforms Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 15 & 24 |
All intermediary & online-platform providers (micro/small exempt) | Orders, notice-and-action volumes, own-initiative moderation, complaints, automated-tool accuracy; platforms add appeals, suspensions & EU active-user counts (AMAR) | Anual AMAR ≥ semestral |
Feb 2024 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| European UnionDigital Services Act — VLOPs / VLOSEs Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 42 (+ 34/35/37) |
≥ 45M avg. monthly EU users — ~25 Commission-designated services | The Art. 15/24 data over 6 months, plus moderator headcount by language and per-language automation accuracy; annual risk-assessment, mitigation & independent-audit reports | Semestral auditorías anuales |
2023 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| European UnionDSA statement-of-reasons database Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 17 & 24(5) |
All online-platform providers (micro/small exempt) | Every individual content-moderation decision, submitted to the Commission's public database (billions of records) | Continuo | Sep 2023 | En vigor | Relacionado |
| European UnionTerrorist Content Online Regulation Reg. (EU) 2021/784, Art. 7 & 8 |
Hosting providers that received a removal order that year; + Member-State authorities | Measures against terrorist content, removal orders processed, complaints & reinstatements (terrorism scope only) | Anual | 2022 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| European UnionAI Act — GPAI training-content summary Reg. (EU) 2024/1689, Art. 53(1)(d) |
Providers of general-purpose AI models placed on the EU market | Public summary of the content used to train the model — banded training-data size per modality, data-acquisition cut-off, and data-source categories (on the AI Office template) | Por modelo se mantiene actualizado |
Aug 2025 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| AustriaCommunication Platforms Act (KoPl-G) KoPl-G § 4 (in force Jan 2021) |
Communication platforms above user/turnover thresholds | Handling of complaints about allegedly-illegal textual content (comments) — items reported and removed, procedures, response times | Semestral | 2021 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| United States — TexasHB 20 Business & Commerce Code §120.053 |
Large social-media platforms (> 50M US monthly users) | Acceptable-use policies + content-moderation statistics — content removed / demonetized, appeals & reinstatements, flags and removals by source, reason and country | Semestral | 2024 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| United KingdomOnline Safety Act 2023 OSA 2023, ss. 77–78 |
Ofcom-categorised services only (Cat 1 / 2A / 2B) | Content specified in each Ofcom notice — illegal/harmful-content incidence, moderation & recommender systems, user reporting | Anual activado por requerimiento |
2025–26 | En vigor | — |
| TürkiyeSocial Media Law Law No. 7253 (2020), amending Law 5651 |
Social networks with > 1M daily access from Türkiye | Enforcement of removal / access-blocking orders and user takedown requests, by category | Semestral | 2020 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| IrelandOnline Safety & Media Regulation Act Act No. 41 of 2022; Online Safety Code (2024) Cadence set by Coimisiún na Meán per code, not fixed in statute. |
Designated services — chiefly Ireland-established video-sharing platforms | Compliance with the Online Safety Code — moderation, age assurance, complaint handling | Fija el regulador | 2025 | En vigor | — |
| FranceLoi SREN Loi n° 2024-449 (21 May 2024) Thin beyond the DSA; loi Avia (2020) was struck down before taking effect. |
Large platforms operating in France | Algorithm & moderation transparency adjacent to the DSA; serious-content reporting to ARCOM | N/D | 2024 | En vigor | — |
| GermanyNetzDG (Network Enforcement Act) NetzDG 2017, § 2 Repealed by the DDG (14 May 2024); the DSA occupies the field. |
Social networks > 2M German users & > 100 complaints/yr | Handling of unlawful-content complaints — volumes, deletion rates, response times, staffing | Semestral | 2018–24 | Reemplazada | — |
| AustriaCommunication Platforms Act (KoPl-G) BGBl. I Nr. 151/2020 Overtaken by the DSA; obligation wound down. |
> 100k AT users or > €500k AT turnover | Handling of illegal-content reports — volumes, deletion rates, procedures | Anual | 2021–24 | Reemplazada | — |
América
No existe un mandato federal en EE. UU.; las normas vinculantes son las leyes estatales de ToS, la mayoría en litigios por la Primera Enmienda.
| Ley | Se aplica a | Qué se informa | Frecuencia | Desde | Estado | Rastreado |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California, USAAB 587 — Social Media Transparency Act Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 22675–22681 Content-category provisions permanently enjoined (X Corp. v. Bonta, 2025); ToS reports still filed. |
Social-media firms with > $100M gross annual revenue | ToS + moderation policies, and statistics on content actioned across defined categories (hate, extremism, disinformation, harassment, foreign interference) | Semestral | Jan 2024 | Parcialmente suspendida | Rastreado |
| New York, USAStop Hiding Hate Act N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Art. 46 (S895-B) Sued by X Corp. on the AB 587 theory; not yet enjoined. |
Social-media firms with > $100M revenue operating in NY | Whether and how the platform defines & moderates hate speech, disinformation, extremism, harassment and foreign interference | Semestral | Oct 2025 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| BrazilECA Digital (child & adolescent statute) Lei nº 15.211/2025, Art. 15 |
Services with > 1M child/adolescent users in Brazil (extraterritorial) | Reclamaciones recibidas, moderation measures taken, and age-assurance practices — in Portuguese | Semestral | Mar 2026 | En vigor | — |
| BrazilPlatform-liability ruling (Marco Civil) STF, 26 Jun 2025; Lei 12.965/2014, Art. 19 In force by judicial decision; Congress has not yet codified scope. |
Application/platform providers in Brazil (thresholds TBD by Congress) | Annual transparency & systemic-risk reports, self-regulation rules, complaint channels, local representative | Anual | 2025 | En vigor | — |
| Minnesota, USAProhibiting Social Media Manipulation Act Minn. Stat. § 325M.33 Challenged in NetChoice v. Ellison (2025); enforcement uncertain. |
Social-media platforms above a Minnesota-user threshold | Public disclosure of how recommendation algorithms rank content and how preferences shape feeds (algorithmic transparency) | En curso | Jul 2025 | Impugnada | — |
| Texas, USAHB 20 Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 120 Vacated & remanded — Moody v. NetChoice (SCOTUS, 2024); back in district court. |
Platforms with > 50M US monthly users | Biannual report of content removed/demonetized by category, plus complaint & appeal data | Semestral | 2021 | Impugnada | — |
| Florida, USASB 7072 Fla. Stat. §§ 106.072, 501.2041 Preliminary injunction in place; not enforced. |
> $100M revenue or > 100M global users | Public moderation standards + per-user notice/explanation of moderation actions | En curso | 2021 | Suspendida | — |
| California, USAAge-Appropriate Design Code (AADC) AB 2273; Civ. Code §§ 1798.99.28+ Reporting-adjacent (DPIA, not public); report provision enjoined. |
Services likely to be accessed by children | Data-protection impact assessments provided to the AG on request — not a public transparency report | Por función | 2024 | Suspendida | — |
| CanadaOnline Harms Act Bill C-63 (2024); rev. as C-34 (2026) C-63 died at prorogation (Jan 2025); successor is a proposal. |
"Social media services" above a threshold (proposed) | Digital-safety plans & transparency reports to a proposed Digital Safety Commission | Por definir | — | Desestimada / propuesta | — |
| BrazilPL 2630 ("Fake News" bill) PL 2630/2020 Shelved end-2024; goals partly assumed by the 2025 STF ruling. |
Large platforms (proposed) | Algorithmic transparency & periodic transparency reports (never enacted) | — | — | Abandonada | — |
Asia-Pacífico
La región con los mandatos más novedosos: la periodicidad mensual de la India es la más estricta del mundo.
| Ley | Se aplica a | Qué se informa | Frecuencia | Desde | Estado | Rastreado |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IndiaIT Rules 2021 — monthly compliance IT Rules 2021, Rule 4(1)(d) |
Significant social-media intermediaries — > 5M Indian users | Reclamaciones recibidas & action taken, plus content proactively removed by automated tools | Mensual | 2021 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| South KoreaTelecom / communications-secrets reporting Telecommunications Business Act, Art. 83(7); PCSA Mandatory filing is to the ministry; Naver/Kakao public reports are voluntary. |
Telecom & platform operators (Naver, Kakao) | Government requests for subscriber data, communications-confirmation data, interception measures & warrants supplied | Semestral | 2012 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| TaiwanFraud Crime Hazard Prevention Act Anti-Fraud Act, Art. 30 (MODA format, 2024) |
MODA-designated ad platforms — Google, LINE, Meta, TikTok | Advertiser identity-verification, fraud-prevention plan, ad-removal statistics by type, processing times, MAU | Anual | 2025 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| JapanInformation Distribution Platform Act Amended Provider Liability Act, Art. 20(1) |
MIC-designated large providers — > 10M MAU or > 2M posts/mo (Google, LY, Meta, TikTok, X) | Content-moderation operations — response to takedown requests, notices to requesters & senders, moderation standards | Anual | Apr 2025 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| SingaporeCode of Practice for Online Safety Broadcasting Act; IMDA Code (2023) |
Six designated services — Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, X, YouTube, HardwareZone | Annual online-safety report — measures against harmful content (esp. to minors), safety tooling & effectiveness | Anual | 2023 | En vigor | Rastreado |
| AustraliaOnline Safety Act 2021 (BOSE) OSA 2021, ss. 49 & 56 Notice-triggered by eSafety, not a blanket periodic duty. |
Providers served with an eSafety Commissioner notice | Compliance with the Basic Online Safety Expectations — CSAM, terrorism, cyber-abuse, recommender systems | Bajo requerimiento | 2022 | En vigor | — |
| VietnamDecree 147/2024/ND-CP Decree 147/2024/ND-CP Filed to the regulator (ABEI) — not a public transparency report. |
Onshore & cross-border providers; offshore if ≥ 100k visits/mo from Vietnam | Compliance activities incl. takedown handling (24-hr removal on notice) | Anual + ad hoc |
Dec 2024 | En vigor | — |
| AustraliaMisinformation & Disinformation Bill Combatting MAD Bill 2024 Withdrawn by the government, Nov 2024; the DIGI code remains voluntary. |
Digital platforms (proposed) | ACMA-mandated misinformation transparency reporting (never enacted) | — | — | Retirada | — |
Notas y advertencias
Obligaciones de informar frente a obligaciones de retirar
Muchas leyes imponen deberes de registro, representante local y retirada sin una obligación permanente de informe de transparencia, por lo que se excluyen aquí: la MR5/2020 de Indonesia, las PECA Rules 2021 de Pakistán, la directiva de redes sociales de 2023 de Nepal y la POFMA y la OCHA de Singapur. El gobierno federal de EE. UU. no exige ninguno; la notificación §2258A NCMEC/CSAM es notificación de incidentes, no un informe público.
El DSA absorbió las leyes nacionales
La Ley de Servicios Digitales de la UE desplaza ahora el ámbito que comparte, desmantelando los regímenes nacionales al estilo NetzDG: la NetzDG de Alemania, la KoPl-G de Austria y la mayor parte de las aspiraciones de Francia tras la anulación de la loi Avia. Se muestran como reemplazadas a efectos del registro histórico.
Las leyes estatales de EE. UU. están en constante cambio
Todos los mandatos estatales de EE. UU. están siendo litigados por motivos de la Primera Enmienda / expresión forzada. Moody v. NetChoice (Tribunal Supremo, 2024) anuló las sentencias de Texas y Florida; la AB 587 de California perdió sus disposiciones sobre categorías de contenido; la ley de Nueva York afronta la misma impugnación. El estado aquí refleja mediados de 2026: es de esperar que cambie.
«Presentado» no siempre es «publicado»
Algunos mandatos exigen un informe al regulador en lugar de al público: Vietnam (ABEI), la presentación legal de Corea al ministerio, las notificaciones de Australia a eSafety (que después publica resúmenes). Cuando el informe público de una empresa es voluntario aunque su presentación sea obligatoria, ese matiz se indica en la fila.
Compilado en julio de 2026. Los estados y las citas reflejan las fuentes vigentes a esa fecha y variarán a medida que avancen los litigios y las implementaciones; verifique la norma subyacente antes de basarse en cualquier dato concreto. Entre las fuentes primarias se incluyen EUR-Lex, legislation.gov.uk, los fiscales generales de California y Nueva York, MeitY, la MODA de Taiwán, el MIC de Japón, la IMDA de Singapur y el STF de Brasil.
Los regímenes ◆ Rastreados están archivados y se pueden consultar en la Transparency Report API: el DSA de la UE, las IT Rules de la India, Corea del Sur, la Ley Anti-Fraude de Taiwán, la Ley Stop Hiding Hate de Nueva York y la AB 587 de California.