Chi deve pubblicare un rapporto di trasparenza
Una rassegna globale delle normative che obbligano le piattaforme a pubblicare rapporti di trasparenza: cosa impone ciascuna, chi vincola, con quale frequenza e se è davvero in vigore. I rapporti aziendali volontari non sono inclusi.
Europa
Il DSA è ora lo strumento valido per tutta l'UE e prevale sulle vecchie leggi nazionali.
| Legge | Si applica a | Cosa si rendiconta | Frequenza | Dal | Stato | Tracciato |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European UnionDigital Services Act — platforms Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 15 & 24 |
All intermediary & online-platform providers (micro/small exempt) | Orders, notice-and-action volumes, own-initiative moderation, complaints, automated-tool accuracy; platforms add appeals, suspensions & EU active-user counts (AMAR) | Annuale AMAR ≥ semestrale |
Feb 2024 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| European UnionDigital Services Act — VLOPs / VLOSEs Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 42 (+ 34/35/37) |
≥ 45M avg. monthly EU users — ~25 Commission-designated services | The Art. 15/24 data over 6 months, plus moderator headcount by language and per-language automation accuracy; annual risk-assessment, mitigation & independent-audit reports | Semestrale audit annuali |
2023 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| European UnionDSA statement-of-reasons database Reg. (EU) 2022/2065, Art. 17 & 24(5) |
All online-platform providers (micro/small exempt) | Every individual content-moderation decision, submitted to the Commission's public database (billions of records) | Continuo | Sep 2023 | In vigore | Correlato |
| European UnionTerrorist Content Online Regulation Reg. (EU) 2021/784, Art. 7 & 8 |
Hosting providers that received a removal order that year; + Member-State authorities | Measures against terrorist content, removal orders processed, complaints & reinstatements (terrorism scope only) | Annuale | 2022 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| European UnionAI Act — GPAI training-content summary Reg. (EU) 2024/1689, Art. 53(1)(d) |
Providers of general-purpose AI models placed on the EU market | Public summary of the content used to train the model — banded training-data size per modality, data-acquisition cut-off, and data-source categories (on the AI Office template) | Per modello tenuto aggiornato |
Aug 2025 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| AustriaCommunication Platforms Act (KoPl-G) KoPl-G § 4 (in force Jan 2021) |
Communication platforms above user/turnover thresholds | Handling of complaints about allegedly-illegal textual content (comments) — items reported and removed, procedures, response times | Semestrale | 2021 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| United States — TexasHB 20 Business & Commerce Code §120.053 |
Large social-media platforms (> 50M US monthly users) | Acceptable-use policies + content-moderation statistics — content removed / demonetized, appeals & reinstatements, flags and removals by source, reason and country | Semestrale | 2024 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| United KingdomOnline Safety Act 2023 OSA 2023, ss. 77–78 |
Ofcom-categorised services only (Cat 1 / 2A / 2B) | Content specified in each Ofcom notice — illegal/harmful-content incidence, moderation & recommender systems, user reporting | Annuale attivato su richiesta |
2025–26 | In vigore | — |
| TürkiyeSocial Media Law Law No. 7253 (2020), amending Law 5651 |
Social networks with > 1M daily access from Türkiye | Enforcement of removal / access-blocking orders and user takedown requests, by category | Semestrale | 2020 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| IrelandOnline Safety & Media Regulation Act Act No. 41 of 2022; Online Safety Code (2024) Cadence set by Coimisiún na Meán per code, not fixed in statute. |
Designated services — chiefly Ireland-established video-sharing platforms | Compliance with the Online Safety Code — moderation, age assurance, complaint handling | Fissata dal regolatore | 2025 | In vigore | — |
| FranceLoi SREN Loi n° 2024-449 (21 May 2024) Thin beyond the DSA; loi Avia (2020) was struck down before taking effect. |
Large platforms operating in France | Algorithm & moderation transparency adjacent to the DSA; serious-content reporting to ARCOM | n/d | 2024 | In vigore | — |
| GermanyNetzDG (Network Enforcement Act) NetzDG 2017, § 2 Repealed by the DDG (14 May 2024); the DSA occupies the field. |
Social networks > 2M German users & > 100 complaints/yr | Handling of unlawful-content complaints — volumes, deletion rates, response times, staffing | Semestrale | 2018–24 | Sostituita | — |
| AustriaCommunication Platforms Act (KoPl-G) BGBl. I Nr. 151/2020 Overtaken by the DSA; obligation wound down. |
> 100k AT users or > €500k AT turnover | Handling of illegal-content reports — volumes, deletion rates, procedures | Annuale | 2021–24 | Sostituita | — |
Americhe
Nessun obbligo federale negli USA; le regole vincolanti sono le leggi statali sui ToS, la maggior parte oggetto di contenziosi sul Primo Emendamento.
| Legge | Si applica a | Cosa si rendiconta | Frequenza | Dal | Stato | Tracciato |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California, USAAB 587 — Social Media Transparency Act Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 22675–22681 Content-category provisions permanently enjoined (X Corp. v. Bonta, 2025); ToS reports still filed. |
Social-media firms with > $100M gross annual revenue | ToS + moderation policies, and statistics on content actioned across defined categories (hate, extremism, disinformation, harassment, foreign interference) | Semestrale | Jan 2024 | Parzialmente sospesa | Tracciato |
| New York, USAStop Hiding Hate Act N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Art. 46 (S895-B) Sued by X Corp. on the AB 587 theory; not yet enjoined. |
Social-media firms with > $100M revenue operating in NY | Whether and how the platform defines & moderates hate speech, disinformation, extremism, harassment and foreign interference | Semestrale | Oct 2025 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| BrazilECA Digital (child & adolescent statute) Lei nº 15.211/2025, Art. 15 |
Services with > 1M child/adolescent users in Brazil (extraterritorial) | Reclami ricevuti, moderation measures taken, and age-assurance practices — in Portuguese | Semestrale | Mar 2026 | In vigore | — |
| BrazilPlatform-liability ruling (Marco Civile) STF, 26 Jun 2025; Lei 12.965/2014, Art. 19 In force by judicial decision; Congress has not yet codified scope. |
Application/platform providers in Brazil (thresholds TBD by Congress) | Annual transparency & systemic-risk reports, self-regulation rules, complaint channels, local representative | Annuale | 2025 | In vigore | — |
| Minnesota, USAProhibiting Social Media Manipulation Act Minn. Stat. § 325M.33 Challenged in NetChoice v. Ellison (2025); enforcement uncertain. |
Social-media platforms above a Minnesota-user threshold | Public disclosure of how recommendation algorithms rank content and how preferences shape feeds (algorithmic transparency) | In corso | Jul 2025 | Contestata | — |
| Texas, USAHB 20 Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 120 Vacated & remanded — Moody v. NetChoice (SCOTUS, 2024); back in district court. |
Platforms with > 50M US monthly users | Biannual report of content removed/demonetized by category, plus complaint & appeal data | Semestrale | 2021 | Contestata | — |
| Florida, USASB 7072 Fla. Stat. §§ 106.072, 501.2041 Preliminary injunction in place; not enforced. |
> $100M revenue or > 100M global users | Public moderation standards + per-user notice/explanation of moderation actions | In corso | 2021 | Sospesa | — |
| California, USAAge-Appropriate Design Code (AADC) AB 2273; Civ. Code §§ 1798.99.28+ Reporting-adjacent (DPIA, not public); report provision enjoined. |
Services likely to be accessed by children | Data-protection impact assessments provided to the AG on request — not a public transparency report | Per funzionalità | 2024 | Sospesa | — |
| CanadaOnline Harms Act Bill C-63 (2024); rev. as C-34 (2026) C-63 died at prorogation (Jan 2025); successor is a proposal. |
"Social media services" above a threshold (proposed) | Digital-safety plans & transparency reports to a proposed Digital Safety Commission | Da definire | — | Decaduta / proposta | — |
| BrazilPL 2630 ("Fake News" bill) PL 2630/2020 Shelved end-2024; goals partly assumed by the 2025 STF ruling. |
Large platforms (proposed) | Algorithmic transparency & periodic transparency reports (never enacted) | — | — | Abbandonata | — |
Asia-Pacifico
La regione con gli obblighi più innovativi: la cadenza mensile dell'India è la più severa al mondo.
| Legge | Si applica a | Cosa si rendiconta | Frequenza | Dal | Stato | Tracciato |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IndiaIT Rules 2021 — monthly compliance IT Rules 2021, Rule 4(1)(d) |
Significant social-media intermediaries — > 5M Indian users | Reclami ricevuti & action taken, plus content proactively removed by automated tools | Mensile | 2021 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| South KoreaTelecom / communications-secrets reporting Telecommunications Business Act, Art. 83(7); PCSA Mandatory filing is to the ministry; Naver/Kakao public reports are voluntary. |
Telecom & platform operators (Naver, Kakao) | Government requests for subscriber data, communications-confirmation data, interception measures & warrants supplied | Semestrale | 2012 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| TaiwanFraud Crime Hazard Prevention Act Anti-Fraud Act, Art. 30 (MODA format, 2024) |
MODA-designated ad platforms — Google, LINE, Meta, TikTok | Advertiser identity-verification, fraud-prevention plan, ad-removal statistics by type, processing times, MAU | Annuale | 2025 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| JapanInformation Distribution Platform Act Amended Provider Liability Act, Art. 20(1) |
MIC-designated large providers — > 10M MAU or > 2M posts/mo (Google, LY, Meta, TikTok, X) | Content-moderation operations — response to takedown requests, notices to requesters & senders, moderation standards | Annuale | Apr 2025 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| SingaporeCode of Practice for Online Safety Broadcasting Act; IMDA Code (2023) |
Six designated services — Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, X, YouTube, HardwareZone | Annual online-safety report — measures against harmful content (esp. to minors), safety tooling & effectiveness | Annuale | 2023 | In vigore | Tracciato |
| AustraliaOnline Safety Act 2021 (BOSE) OSA 2021, ss. 49 & 56 Notice-triggered by eSafety, not a blanket periodic duty. |
Providers served with an eSafety Commissioner notice | Compliance with the Basic Online Safety Expectations — CSAM, terrorism, cyber-abuse, recommender systems | Su richiesta | 2022 | In vigore | — |
| VietnamDecree 147/2024/ND-CP Decree 147/2024/ND-CP Filed to the regulator (ABEI) — not a public transparency report. |
Onshore & cross-border providers; offshore if ≥ 100k visits/mo from Vietnam | Compliance activities incl. takedown handling (24-hr removal on notice) | Annuale + ad hoc |
Dec 2024 | In vigore | — |
| AustraliaMisinformation & Disinformation Bill Combatting MAD Bill 2024 Withdrawn by the government, Nov 2024; the DIGI code remains voluntary. |
Digital platforms (proposed) | ACMA-mandated misinformation transparency reporting (never enacted) | — | — | Ritirata | — |
Note e avvertenze
Obblighi di rendicontazione vs. obblighi di rimozione
Molte leggi impongono obblighi di registrazione, rappresentante locale e rimozione senza un obbligo permanente di rapporto di trasparenza, e sono quindi escluse qui sopra: la MR5/2020 dell'Indonesia, le PECA Rules 2021 del Pakistan, la direttiva sui social media del 2023 del Nepal e la POFMA e l'OCHA di Singapore. Il governo federale statunitense non ne impone alcuno; la segnalazione §2258A NCMEC/CSAM è una segnalazione di incidenti, non un rapporto pubblico.
Il DSA ha assorbito le leggi nazionali
La legge sui servizi digitali dell'UE prevale ora sul campo che condivide, smantellando i regimi nazionali in stile NetzDG: la NetzDG tedesca, la KoPl-G austriaca e gran parte delle ambizioni francesi dopo l'annullamento della loi Avia. Sono indicate come sostituite ai fini della memoria storica.
Le leggi statali degli USA sono in evoluzione
Ogni obbligo statale statunitense è oggetto di contenzioso in base al Primo Emendamento / all'espressione coartata. Moody v. NetChoice (Corte Suprema, 2024) ha annullato le sentenze del Texas e della Florida; l'AB 587 della California ha perso le disposizioni sulle categorie di contenuti; la legge di New York è soggetta alla stessa impugnazione. Lo stato qui indicato riflette metà 2026: sono attesi cambiamenti.
«Depositato» non è sempre «pubblicato»
Alcuni obblighi richiedono un rapporto al regolatore anziché al pubblico: Vietnam (ABEI), il deposito di legge della Corea presso il ministero, le notifiche dell'Australia a eSafety (che poi ne pubblica sintesi). Quando il rapporto pubblico di un'azienda è volontario anche se il deposito è obbligatorio, questa sfumatura è indicata nella riga.
Compilato a luglio 2026. Gli stati e i riferimenti rispecchiano le fonti aggiornate a tale data e cambieranno con l'avanzare dei contenziosi e delle attuazioni; verifica la norma di riferimento prima di basarti su un singolo dato. Tra le fonti primarie figurano EUR-Lex, legislation.gov.uk, i procuratori generali della California e di New York, il MeitY, la MODA di Taiwan, il MIC del Giappone, l'IMDA di Singapore e l'STF del Brasile.
I regimi ◆ tracciati sono archiviati e interrogabili nella Transparency Report API: il DSA dell'UE, le IT Rules dell'India, la Corea del Sud, la legge anti-frode di Taiwan, lo Stop Hiding Hate Act di New York e l'AB 587 della California.